The Attraction of Freebies in Indian Elections

Indian elections have long been characterized by the strategic use of promises of freebies, such as free electricity, free bus services, and monthly payments to women, as a tool to win voter support. This article explores the dynamics behind this practice and its impact on the democratic process in India.

Freebies: A Strategic Decision

Consider a farmer in a remote area in Maharashtra who has taken a bank loan and is struggling to repay it. The bank is threatening to confiscate his land. In this scenario, you can approach the farmer with a promise to make India a five trillion dollar economy if a specific party comes to power. However, the farmer, who may not understand what a trillion dollar economy means, will more likely be swayed by the promise of waiving his bank loan.

Similarly, a poor rickshaw puller in a slum area, who lives day-to-day, might respond more favorably to the promise of free electricity for a limited number of units. As someone who is more concerned with meeting basic needs, such as electricity, the promise of a freebie directly addresses immediate concerns and is more likely to influence his voting choices.

Understanding the Needs of the Voters

Majority of Indian voters belong to the lower and lower-middle classes. For these individuals, freebies matter a great deal because they represent tangible benefits that can alleviate their daily struggles. Banks, politicians, and political parties understand this and leverage these promises to win votes. The concept of a trillion dollar economy, which may have broader economic implications, is often too abstract for the average Indian voter to comprehend. Instead, concrete and relatable promises of freebies have a much stronger impact.

The Street-Smart Politicians

Promises of freebies are not just about addressing immediate needs; they are also about ensuring political survival. Politicians understand that these promises can significantly influence voting behavior. They recognize that by offering such small benefits, they can garner widespread support and sway elections in their favor.

The Ethical Question: Judge the Voters?

While we can appreciate the strategic use of freebies in elections, it is crucial to remember that we have no right to judge the Indian voters. They have the right to vote and make their own choices, regardless of the rationale behind their decisions. The success of a democratic system lies not in the morality of the choices made, but in the free and fair process of enfranchisement and representation.

Democracy in Practice

While the strategic use of freebies is one aspect of Indian democracy, there are concerns about the broader functioning of the democratic process. Issues such as political influence, freedom of expression, and the integrity of the electoral system are crucial factors that affect the quality of democracy.

Election Promises vs. Freedom of Expression

There is a clear concern when opposition leaders are arrested and intimidated after the announcement of the 2024 general election, or when the Model Code of Conduct is in place. These actions raise questions about the true freedom of expression and the right to participate in the political process without fear of retribution. Ensuring that these leaders can openly campaign and advocate for their causes is essential for a healthy democracy.

The Integrity of the Electoral System

There are further concerns about the potential tampering with Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) and even their replacement. Such practices are alarming and pose a significant threat to the credibility of the electoral process. If the voting machines can be manipulated, the integrity of the entire election is compromised, and the results may not reflect the true will of the people.

The Role of Authorities

The Central Election Commission (CEC) and Election Commission of India (ECI) play a crucial role in overseeing the electoral process. However, there are worries when they are seen openly supporting the ruling party. This raises questions about the impartiality and independence of these bodies, which are essential for a fair and credible election.

Conclusion

The use of freebies in Indian elections is a reflection of the real needs and concerns of the voter base. While we acknowledge the strategic importance of these promises, we must also be vigilant about the broader implications for democracy. Ensuring a free, fair, and transparent electoral process is crucial for sustaining the democratic fabric of India.