Is Scientology a Religion or a Business? Navigating the Controversies

The question of whether Scientology is a religion or a business is one that continues to spark debate. From its origins to its present-day practices, Scientology has been surrounded by controversy, with critics often accusing it of being a destructive cult that primarily exists to generate wealth. In this article, we will explore the origins of Scientology, its controversial elements, and the debate surrounding its nature as a religion or a business.

Origins and Early Days

Scientology was founded in 1953 by science fiction author L. Ron Hubbard. Hubbard, a charismatic leader, quickly garnered followers and began promoting his new religion. Scientology’s teachings are rooted in the belief that human beings are immortal beings, referred to as Thetans, originally from outside the physical universe. According to Scientology, the physical universe, known as MEST (Matter, Energy, Space, and Time), traps Thetans and affects their ability to think and communicate. The ultimate goal of Scientology is to liberate Thetans from the MEST cycle, which is achieved through a process called auditing.

Auditing and Financial Practices

Auditing is a core practice in Scientology and involves one-on-one sessions with a trained auditor, during which past pain and negative experiences are “erased” or resolved. This process is believed to free a person from the subconscious manifestations of past trauma, thereby clearing the path to spiritual enlightenment. However, the cost associated with auditing is substantial. Many individuals can end up spending hundreds of thousands of dollars on these sessions, leading to the criticism that Scientology is a complex money-making scheme.

A Los Angeles Times article from 1990 highlights Hubbard’s financial policies, stating their explicit goal as “MAKE MONEY MAKE MORE MONEY MAKE OTHERS PRODUCE SO AS TO MAKE MONEY” (Sappell Welkos, 1990). This revealing insight into Scientology’s financial practices underscores the organization’s primary motivation: financial gain.

Polarizing Views on Scientology

While some view Scientology as a destructive cult, others, including many Hollywood celebrities, embrace the organization for its perceived spiritual benefits and Hubbard’s teachings. This dual perception reflects the complex nature of Scientology, which combines elements of both religion and business.

One of the most contentious aspects of Scientology is the treatment of its members. Scientology’s “pew holders” are typically wealthy individuals, given the significant financial commitment required. Moreover, the organization is highly punitive towards those who wish to leave. This strict adherence to membership can be seen as a form of control, further fueling the debate about Scientology’s true nature.

Religion or Business?

The debate over whether Scientology is a religion or a business is a false dichotomy. To many, the term “religion” encompasses more than just spiritual or metaphysical beliefs; it can also include the organizational structure and practices that support these beliefs. Scientology’s “applied religious philosophy” involves both spiritual practices and an organizational framework designed to generate wealth. In this sense, Scientology operates as both a religion and a business.

Scientology attempts to blend the concept of a religion with the structure and practices of a business. The Church of Scientology, described as an organization dedicated to teaching and promoting its philosophy, employs methods similar to those of a religion, such as community engagement and belief reinforcement. At the same time, it behaves like a business through its financial policies and strict control over its members.

Science fiction writer L. Ron Hubbard’s teachings, while steeped in philosophical and spiritual content, are also practical and often cost money. This duality highlights the multifaceted nature of Scientology, making it difficult to categorize as either a pure religion or a business.

Conclusion

The question of whether Scientology is a religion or a business remains unresolved, as the organization deftly balances spiritual teachings with financial practices. This blend of elements reflects the complexity of Scientology and its ability to attract both spiritual seekers and those interested in its business structure. As the debate continues, it is clear that Scientology will remain a contentious and polarizing topic in the coming years.

References:

Sappell, J., Welkos, R. W. (1990, June 25). The Selling of a Church; Hubbard’s 'Dianetics' Thrives as Religious Phenomenon despite Sullied Image. The Los Angeles Times.