Understanding the Distinction Between Personal Information, Private Information, and Personally Identifiable Information (PII)

The terms personal information, private information, and personally identifiable information (PII) often intertwine in discussions about data privacy, but each carries its own unique definition. This article delves into the differences, providing a comprehensive understanding for individuals and businesses alike.

What is Personal Information?

Personal information is defined by the California Consumer Protection Act (CCPA) in its expansive and comprehensive manner. Specifically, personal information is any data that identifies, relates to, describes, is reasonably capable of being associated with, or could reasonably be linked, directly or indirectly, with a particular consumer or household. Examples of personal information can be as varied as a name, address, email address, or even a security question and answer combination that can be used to access an online account. Other personal information can include information such as transactions, preferences, characteristics, biometric data, internet activity, and more.

What is Private Information?

Private information is a term often used to denote sensitive data that an individual would like to keep secluded from others. Under the SHIELD Act, private information is broadly defined as any information concerning a natural person which, because of an identifier, can be used to identify the natural person if it is in combination with any one or more of the factors that are included in the definition of personal information.

Private information specifically includes:

Identifier: A first and last name, address, email address, social security number, or other unique identifier that can be used to identify an individual. Passwords or Security Questions: When a password or security question and answer are combined with an identifier, they can be used to access an individual’s online account.

These combinations of data elements make private information more sensitive and potentially vulnerable if not adequately safeguarded.

What is Personally Identifiable Information (PII)?

Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is a subset of personal information that specifically identifies a unique individual. PII includes any information that could be used to distinguish you from any other person and directly link you to your identity. Common examples of PII include:

Full name, address, and city of residence Date of birth Social Security number (SSN) Drivers’ license number Biometric data (e.g., fingerprints, facial recognition data)

PII can also be information that, when combined with other pieces of data, can be traced back to a specific individual. For example, a combination of your name and address, or your address and birth date, can be used to uniquely identify you. PII is often of particular concern due to its sensitivity and the potential for it to be used for identity theft or other malicious purposes.

Key Differences and Important Considerations

While personal information, private information, and PII all relate to identifying or sensitive personal data, they differ in scope and specificity. Personal information is a broader term that encompasses a wide range of data points, many of which are not necessarily sensitive or individually identifiable by themselves. PII, on the other hand, is more narrowly focused on data that can directly identify an individual. Private information falls in between, focusing on data that, while not necessarily directly identifying, can be combined with other data to create a unique identifier.

The nuances in these definitions mean that legal and business considerations can vary. For instance, the handling and storage of PII may be more stringent and regulated than the broader category of personal information. Additionally, the question of what constitutes private information can vary by state and may even differ based on federal law or court decisions. It is wise to consult an attorney to ensure compliance and to understand the specific regulations and implications in your jurisdiction.

Understanding these differences is crucial for individuals and businesses alike. Whether you are a consumer looking to safeguard your personal data or a business responsible for handling customer information, being aware of the distinctions between personal information, private information, and PII can help you make informed decisions and comply with relevant laws and regulations.