Why Abu Dhabi’s Sheikh Always Holds the Presidency of UAE: Insights into History, Economy, and Tradition

Ask anyone familiar with the governance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and they will confirm that the position of the President is customarily held by the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi. This arrangement is deeply rooted in a combination of historical, economic, and cultural factors. This article will explore these key elements and why other Emirate sheikhs do not typically take on this role.

Founding Agreement and Historical Interlude

Upon the establishment of the UAE in 1971, the founding leaders laid down a blueprint for governance. The overarching agreement recognized Abu Dhabi's prominence within the federation. It wasn't just about leadership; Abu Dhabi was the largest and wealthiest emirate at the time. This ruled in its favor for the role of President.

Economic Dominance and Resource Wealth

Abu Dhabi's immense oil reserves and economic resources set it apart from the other Emirates. Its wealth played a pivotal role in shaping the UAE's overall economy. This economic power translated into significant political influence, making it only natural for Abu Dhabi's leader to assume the presidency. Oil wealth has long been a cornerstone of the UAE's prosperity and stability.

Political Continuity and Stability

The leadership of Abu Dhabi has historically offered political stability and continuity. The Sheikh of Abu Dhabi has served as a unifying figure, a role critical for maintaining cohesion among the diverse emirates. This stability is paramount in a federation where unity and mutual respect are essential to maintaining a strong national identity.

Federal Structure and Power Balance

The UAE is a federation comprising seven emirates, each led by its own ruler. The presidential post is held by the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi, while the Vice Presidency is typically filled by the Sheikh of Dubai. This arrangement ensures a balance of power and representation among the emirates, reflecting the federal structure of the country.

Custom and Tradition

The UAE's political system is inherently influenced by tribal and cultural traditions. The leadership of Abu Dhabi has long been associated with the presidency, a tradition that has endured through the years. This custom not only respects historical precedents but also serves to maintain a sense of continuity and stability.

Furthermore, it's important to recognize the pivotal role that Sheikh Zayed Bin Sultan Al Nahyan played in the formation of the UAE. His visionary leadership in 1971, when he brokered peace agreements with neighboring emirates to form a single nation, solidified Abu Dhabi's position. Today, the President of the UAE continues to be from the Al Nahyan family, honoring Sheikh Zayed's monumental contribution to the country’s unification and prosperity.

While the presidency could theoretically rotate among the emirates, historical precedents, economic factors, and the desire for stability have led to the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi consistently holding the position. This arrangement ensures a degree of uniformity and stability in the country's leadership.