Why Did God Include Non-Israelites in His Covenant with Abraham?

Throughout the Old Testament, the concept of covenant between God and His people is a central theme. Many might wonder why, in the covenant with Abraham, God allowed non-Israelites to be included. This article delves into this question, exploring insights from both biblical texts and contemporary theological perspectives.

Understanding the Covenant with Abraham

The Abrahamic Covenant was established between God and Abraham, through whom all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:1-3). This covenant laid the foundation for the relationship between God and His chosen people, the Israelites. However, the New Testament provides further clarity on how this covenant has evolved and expanded.

Northern Israelites and The New Covenant

As we move into the New Testament, the covenant with Abraham takes on a new dimension. In Paul's letter to the Galatians, the concept of the new covenant is introduced, which includes Gentiles as part of the spiritual Israel (Abraham's offspring) (Galatians 3:29).

Galatians 6:13-18: A Key Passage

Paying homage to Paul's written word, we find a profound declaration in Galatians 6:13-18, which sheds light on the inclusion of non-Jews in the covenant.

13 For neither they themselves who are circumcised keep the law but desire to have you circumcised that they may glory in your flesh.

This passage highlights the attempt of some to leverage the physical act of circumcision to gain favor, rather than genuinely following the spiritual law of righteousness through faith in Jesus Christ.

14 But God forbid that I should glory save in the cross of our Lord Jesus Christ by whom the world is crucified unto me and I unto the world.

Here, Paul emphasizes that his joy and boasting are found in the cross of Christ, through which the world, including himself, is crucified to him and vice versa.

15 For in Christ Jesus neither circumcision availeth any thing nor uncircumcision, but a new creature.

The distinction made here is crucial. Physical circumcision (based on the Old Covenant) is no longer necessary for being in the covenant; what matters now is being a "new creature" through faith in Christ.

16 And as many as walk according to this rule peace be on them and mercy and upon the Israel of God.

Paul clarifies that to be in the new covenant (the Israel of God), one must walk according to this rule, which is faith in Christ. This belief, Paul asserts, leads to peace, mercy, and inclusion.

17 From henceforth let no man trouble me: for I bear in my body the marks of the Lord Jesus.

Paul's final words here emphasize his unwavering commitment to Christ and the righteousness he has received through Him.

18 Brethren the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with your spirit. Amen.

His final blessing to his readers, encapsulated in these words, echoes the message of hope and inclusion in the new covenant.

Merciful Themes and Inclusion

The overarching theme in these passages is the merciful and inclusive nature of God's covenant. While the Old Covenant was limited to the physical descendants of Abraham, the New Covenant expands to include all who place their faith in Jesus Christ, making them part of the spiritual Israel. This inclusion reflects God's desire for all nations to have access to salvation and blessings.

Abraham's Worthy Non-Jews in His Household

Even before the New Covenant, Abraham had notable non-Jews in his household who were included in the blessings. Eliezer, for instance, was an example of a faithful servant who played a significant role in Abraham's story. This demonstrates that God's blessings are not limited to physical descendants, but extend to those who demonstrate faith and merit in their lives.

Summary

In conclusion, the inclusion of non-Israelites in the covenant with Abraham and subsequent spiritual Israel represents God's merciful and inclusive nature. The New Covenant broadened this to include all who walk by faith in Jesus Christ. In the words of Paul, the focus is on becoming a “new creature” through faith rather than adherence to physical rites.

As we navigate the complexities of faith today, remembering these principles can guide us toward a deeper understanding of God's plan for all humanity.