Why Isn’t India Increasing Tejas Production or Developing MWF?

Introduction:

The Indian Air Force (IAF) has been seeking more efficient and rapid production of the Tejas fighter jet. The development of a more advanced version, MWF (Multi-Role Combat Aircraft), faces challenges similar to those faced by TEJAS. Despite several initiatives, India's defense manufacturing capacity, particularly at the Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), has struggled to meet expectations. This analysis explores the reasons behind these challenges and the hurdles faced in ramping up production and developing future aircraft.

Understanding the Context

During World War II, the United States managed to produce over 50,000 aircraft, with an average of over 10,000 per year. In contrast, modern fighter jet production is a complex and time-consuming process. A facility like HAL typically produces around 10 to 12 jets per year. Given this context, let's analyze the issues surrounding current and future aircraft development in India.

Production Challenges

HAL's production of the Tejas fighter jet in the 1980s as a replacement for the MiG 21 did not meet expectations. The IAF ended up looking towards other options, most notably the Rafale. Current orders for the Tejas include 83 jets, which the facility can produce at a rate of 20 jets per year. This means that if production continues at this rate, the facility could become idle within four years, leading to a waste of resources and expertise.

Future Aircraft Development

The development of future aircraft such as the Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (MWF) and the Advanced Multi-Role Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is not solely dependent on financial investments. India lacks a mature aerospace infrastructure, including critical technical skills in various engineering sectors. This has major implications for the timeline and success of these projects.

HAL's Current Status

HAL's performance in delivering the Tejas fighter jet has been less than satisfactory. The focus of the IAF has shifted to the Rafale, which was procured from Dassault Aviation. HAL's condition has deteriorated significantly, missing out on opportunities to prove its capabilities. To address this, HAL needs to deliver the first batch of Tejas MK1A and MK2 fighter jets by 2020-22. Once this is achieved, production can be ramped up to meet the demand.

Strategic Approach to Future Aircraft

India requires a comprehensive strategy to fulfill its future aircraft needs, which include:

Buy existing aircraft: This can be done through initiatives such as the Multi-Aspect Aerial Refueling Aircraft (MRAA) combat air system. Joint development: Collaborating on projects like the FGFA (Fifth-Generation Fighter Aircraft). Domestic manufacturing: Producing aircraft like the Tejas and AMCA. Independent engine development: Focusing on the Kaveri engine for the Tejas MK2 to meet long-term requirements.

The Tejas MK1A currently offers improved radar and electronic warfare (EW) capabilities, better air-to-air refueling, and an advanced weapons suite. However, engine delays have affected its operational status. The Kaveri engine, a collaboration with SNECMA (Safran NDI India), is in the process of ironing out issues. Once this engine is operational, the Tejas MK2 will be capable of meeting the standards needed for modern combat jets, with the minimum thrust requirement at around 98-100 kW from a single engine.

Conclusion

The challenges faced by India in increasing the production rate of Tejas and developing future aircraft like MWF are multifaceted. While financial investment is crucial, the development of a mature aviation and aerospace environment is equally important. A combined approach involving procurement, joint development, and independent manufacturing can help overcome these obstacles and meet India's long-term needs in the aviation and defense sectors.