Why Won't Nigeria's Government Grant Biafra Independence?

The quest for Biafra's independence remains a contentious issue in Nigeria, fueled by historical events, economic interests, and geopolitical considerations. Nigeria's dependence on oil from the Biafra region has made the idea of granting a referendum particularly contentious. This article explores the reasons behind Nigeria's reluctance to grant Biafra independence and the implications of this stance.

Debate Surrounding Biafra's Independence

Nigerian crude oil primarily comes from the Biafra region, and the government derives over 90 percent of its income from oil exports. If Biafra were to gain independence and hold a referendum, the result would likely be an overwhelming vote in favor of secession. According to statistical projections, more than 99 percent of the population would vote for independence. This would mean that Nigeria would lose its main source of income, which is a significant concern for the current government and its economic supporters.

Foreign Interests in the Matter

In addition to the Nigerian government's concerns, foreign interests also play a critical role in this debate. When the British ruled Nigeria, they took less than a year to conquer the Yoruba land and less than three months to conquer the Northern regions. However, it took over 30 years to fully assimilate the Biafran region. If Biafra were to gain independence, it is almost certain that they would nationalize British assets in the oil industry, a move that foreign investors would likely oppose.

Past and Present Factors Influencing Nigeria's Stance

The Nigerian government's opposition to Biafran independence is rooted in several factors, including:

Unity: Nigeria values its unity and sees the country as indivisible. Economic interests: The Southeast region, where Biafra is located, is rich in oil and natural resources, and the government is reluctant to lose control over these resources. Fear of fragmentation: Allowing Biafra to secede could lead to other ethnic groups demanding independence, potentially fragmenting the country. National security: The government views Biafran separatism as a security threat, especially given the history of the Biafran Civil War (1967-1970). International recognition: Nigeria is recognized as a sovereign state by the international community, and the government is reluctant to undermine this status by allowing a portion of the country to secede. Political power: The ruling elite may be unwilling to relinquish power and control over the region. Historical grievances: The Biafran Civil War resulted in significant human suffering, and some Nigerians may view Biafran separatism as an attempt to reopen old wounds.

While the Nigerian government's stance appears firm, it is important to recognize that many Biafran people also have legitimate grievances and aspirations. These include feelings of marginalization, economic neglect, and political exclusion. Addressing these issues through dialogue and reforms could help resolve the conflict peacefully.

International Perspective and Inaction

The West is not entirely sure about the positivity of Biafra's outcome in terms of their interests. If they were to support independence, it could lead to a loss of control over Nigeria's oil reserves, which they heavily rely on. The West has not mounted significant pressure on the Nigerian government to carry out a referendum or covertly sponsored activities that would compel it to happen. Additionally, since independence has never been part of Nigeria's constitution, it appears that the British likely designed the constitution to favor the central government's control over various regions, including the Southeast.

The Biafran Independence Movement and Upcoming Renewed Calls

There have been renewed calls for Biafran independence in recent years, driven by historical grievances and a desire for self-governance. These calls are often met with significant opposition from both the Nigerian government and international powers.

Examples of such movements include the campaigns led by individuals like Nnamdi Kanu. Kanu, a former member of parliament, has been advocating for Biafra's independence and has faced legal challenges as a result. The government has been cracking down on these movements, often through heavy-handed tactics.

One of the most significant calls for independence came in 2013 during the #Oon At?chi (Religion of Our Ancestors) Movement. The movement was initially inspired by religious leaders and aimed to promote Igbo culture and unity. However, it quickly transformed into a call for Biafra's independence, leading to significant tension in the region and beyond.

Despite the government's strong stance, the Biafran independence movement continues to gain support among the Igbo people, particularly in the Southeast region. This movement is fueled by historical grievances and a desire for self-determination. The government's response to these calls, including arrests and crackdowns, only further intensify the conflict.

Conclusion

The conflict over Biafra's independence is complex and multifaceted, involving economic, political, and historical factors. While the Nigerian government and its supporters argue that independence would threaten national unity and economic stability, the Biafran people see it as a long-overdue assertion of their rights. As the situation continues to evolve, it is crucial for all stakeholders to engage in meaningful dialogue and seek peaceful resolutions to this longstanding issue.