EVM Hacking Claims Debunked: Understanding the Security of Electronic Voting Machines

Introduction

The Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) has become a central pillar in the Indian electoral process. However, allegations of EVM hacking remain a contentious issue, often debated by political parties and concerned citizens. This article aims to clarify these concerns by delving into the functioning of EVMs and scrutinizing the specific claims made by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and other parties. We will also address the security measures in place to ensure the integrity of the election process.

Understanding EVMs: Simple Machines Ensuring Accuracy

It is crucial to understand the basic functioning of EVMs to comprehend why they are considered secure. Essentially, an EVM is a simple device akin to a calculator. It consists of two main units connected by a 5-meter cable. The first unit is the Ballot unit, which is the visible element where voters enter their choices, and the second unit is the Control unit, which houses the memory and stores the votes.

Common Allegations of Tampering

Several politicians and activists have raised concerns about the potential for EVM tampering. The primary types of alleged tampering include:

Tampering with the Ballot Unit: Altering how the unit records votes to ensure all votes go to one specific candidate. Tampering with the Memory Chip: Changing the votes recorded by the EVM. Tampering with the Display Unit: Altering the displayed results.

Methods of Tampering and Their Impossibilities

According to experts, there are only two ways to tamper with EVMs: physically altering the machine or hacking it via wireless technology. However, the second method is deemed impossible due to the lack of wireless components in EVMs. For example, adding a wireless device would require physical access to the EVM, which is highly improbable given the stringent security measures in place.

Security Measures in Place

To address the concerns raised by politicians and the public, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has implemented several robust security measures:

Erasure of Past Memory: EVMs are thoroughly cleared from any previous election data before the current poll. Random Allocation of Polling Officers: Polling officers are randomly assigned with limited notice, typically 24 hours before the polling day. This ensures that they do not have prior knowledge of the EVM they will be handling. Seal Verification: EVMs are sealed at the manufacturing facilities and then unsealed only when they arrive at the polling stations. Officials check multiple seals to ensure the integrity of the machine. Continuous Monitoring: EVMs are guarded around the clock. Guards are present to prevent any unauthorized access. Mock Polling: A mock poll is conducted on the day of the actual election to validate the accuracy of the voting process. VVPAT Machines: All EVMs are connected to Verification of Voter's Polling Address and Transactions (VVPAT) machines, which print a paper slip showing the candidate selected, confirming the authenticity of the votes.

Conclusion: Trust in EVMs

The stringent security measures and transparency of the ECI have significantly bolstered public trust in EVMs. Despite allegations of tampering, the security protocols in place have repeatedly demonstrated the reliability and non-hackability of EVMs. It is essential to maintain a balanced perspective and support the integrity of the electoral process.