How to Wire Two 2-Ohm Dual Voice Coil Subs to 2 Ohms: A Deep Dive into Speaker Wiring

When it comes to speaker wiring, there are numerous techniques to achieve specific impedance levels, and one of the most common challenges is transforming speakers rated for 2 ohms in series to 1 ohm back to 2 ohms. This article aims to clarify the process, addressing common questions and providing a step-by-step guide on how to properly wire dual voice coil subwoofers from 1 ohm in the box to 2 ohms.

The Basics of Speaker Impedance and Parallel vs. Series Wiring

Speaker impedance is a measure of the resistance presented to the electrical signal that passes through it. When speakers are wired in series, the total impedance is the sum of the individual impedances. In contrast, when wired in parallel, the total impedance is calculated using the formula (frac{1}{Z_{total}} frac{1}{Z_1} frac{1}{Z_2}).

Why Wired in Series Results in 1 Ohm

The initial confusion in the question arises from the typical wiring scenario in car audio systems. To achieve a 1 ohm impedance, you usually parallel connect one voice coil from each subwoofer. However, in some rare cases, both voice coils might be connected in parallel if the system is designed specifically for 1 ohm operation. This can be found in some custom-built systems or certain professional installations.

Non-Powered Coils as Tunable Second Radiators

In some advanced automotive setups, non-powered coils (or passive radiators) can be connected to a variable resistor to function as a tunable radiator. This setup allows for additional control and tuning of the subwoofer system. However, this approach requires careful calibration and is not suitable for simple installations. If the initial design aimed for a 1 ohm system, converting it back to 2 ohms would negate the benefits and could introduce performance issues.

Troubleshooting Misconfigured Speaker Systems

If you find a speaker system wired in a 1 ohm configuration and wonder how it was done, the possibilities are that the person either parallel connected the voice coils or if it is a custom build, the speaker was deliberately wired for a 1 ohm load. It’s important to note that such systems are often pushed to their limits and can easily overheat, leading to damage.

Practical Advice

For those looking to convert their 2 ohm dual voice coil subwoofers to 2 ohms in the box, here is a step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Identify the Voice Coils

Inspect the subwoofer terminals to identify the voice coil windings. Typically, dual voice coil subs have four terminals: two for the positive, and two for the negative connections.

Step 2: Wire the Subwoofers in Series

Connect the positive terminal of one subwoofer to the negative terminal of the other subwoofer. This effectively doubles the impedance, making it 2 ohms.

Step 3: Connect to Amps and Speakers Enclosure

Wire the now 2 ohm subwoofers to your amplifier and into the speaker enclosure as you would with a standard single voice coil subwoofer.

Conclusion

Proper speaker wiring is crucial for optimal performance and longevity. Whether you are wiring dual voice coils in series or parallel, it’s important to understand the implications and potential risks. Incorrect setup or miswiring can lead to damage or subpar audio quality. Always prioritize safety and adhere to the manufacturer’s specifications for best results.

References

1. Pioneer Subwoofer Manual (Not in Box)

2. Custom Speaker System Design and Installation Guidelines